SRI LANKA CULTURE
ART
The artistic heritage of Sri Lanka is a vibrant reflection of its cultural diversity and illustrious history. From ancient cave paintings to contemporary art, the island's artistic expressions have evolved over millennia, influenced by religion, tradition and the natural beauty of the land. Here’s an exploration of the key facets of Sri Lankan art.
Ancient Art and Architecture
Sri Lankan art has its roots in the Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa periods, with Buddhism playing a central role. The cave temples of Dambulla and the ancient stupas of Anuradhapura feature some of the earliest examples of artwork and architectural monuments, intricate frescoes and statues depicting the life of Buddha, celestial beings and historical figures. Sigiriya, the rock fortress built by King Kashyapa in the 5th century, is a masterpiece of ancient Sri Lankan art and architecture. The Sigiriya frescoes known as the “Sigiriya Maidens,” are world-renowned for their delicate beauty and vibrant natural colours, showcasing the island's early talent for creating sophisticated art. Sri Lankan architecture is a captivating blend of ancient traditions, colonial influences and modern innovation. Stupas, intricately carved stone pillars and use of natural materials like wood and clay are testament to these practices. The architectural styles vary from the majestic rock fortresses of Sigiriya to the serene Buddhist temples and colonial-era buildings that reflect Portuguese, Dutch and British influences. This diverse architectural landscape beautifully captures the past of Sri Lanka. Modern architects like Minnette De Silva and Geoffrey Bawa brought international recognition to Sri Lankan architecture with their work on tropical modernism and contemporary designs with traditional elements. Both leave lasting legacies on the island's architectural sphere.
Traditional Dance and Performance Art
Dance and performance art are integral parts of Sri Lankan culture. Traditional dance forms vary by region, with Kandyan dance being the most famous. It is characterised by rhythmic movements, elaborate costumes and pulsating drum beats. Traditionally performed in honour of the gods, Kandyan dance has evolved into a symbol of Sri Lankan cultural identity. In the southern regions of Sri Lanka, low-country dance forms like yakkun natima (devil dance) and kolam (masked dance) are performed for ritualistic, exorcising purposes and to invoke blessings. These dances feature striking masks, dramatic movements and vibrant costumes. They showcase the island's beliefs in folklore and spirituality. The Tamil community performs Bharatanatyam which is a classical dance form rooted in Hindu traditions.
Sculpture and Craftsmanship
Sri Lanka's craftsmanship is legendary, particularly in the realms of sculpture, wood carving and metalwork. The island's ancient temples and statues, carved from stone or cast in bronze are testament to the skill of Sri Lankan artisans. The colossal Buddha statues and exquisite stone carvings are prime examples of the island’s sculptural excellence. Wood carving is another traditional craft that continues to thrive. From intricately carved doors and windows in ancient temples to modern handicrafts, Sri Lankan woodwork is known for its precision and beauty. Lacquerware, a craft that involves coating objects with layers of resin and decorating them with vibrant colours is another distinctive art form that has been practised for centuries.
Painting
Sri Lankan paintings have a long history rooted in religious art. The frescoes of Sigiriya and the murals of ancient temples are among the earliest examples of Sri Lankan paintings depicting religious and mythological themes. In modern times, it has evolved to blend traditional styles with contemporary themes. Artists like George Keyt, who is considered one of the pioneers of modern Sri Lankan art have brought international recognition to the island’s artistic scene. Keyt’s work is known for its fusion of European modernism with Sri Lankan themes, particularly his depictions of village life and religious iconography.
Music
Sri Lanka’s musical heritage is as diverse as its population. Traditional Sri Lankan music is deeply connected to rituals and religion, with drumming playing a central role. The gata bera, dawula and thammattama drums are essential instruments in traditional performances, accompanied by the haunting melodies of the flute and vina. Folk songs or jana kavi, are an important part of Sri Lankan rural life. Passed down through generations, these kavi tell stories of village life, nature and historical events. In recent years, fusion music blending traditional Sri Lankan sounds with contemporary genres has gained popularity, showing versatility. Baila is a unique form of dance music from Sri Lanka, created with Portuguese influence as a form of folk art. Wally Bastiansz is an artist credited with popularising this local genre in mainstream music and is called the “Father of Baila”.
Literature
Sri Lankan literature written in Sinhala, Tamil and English has a rich tradition that spans both ancient and modern times. Ancient texts like the Mahavamsa chronicle the island's history, while contemporary authors explore themes of identity, conflict, and reconciliation. Writers like Shehan Karunatilaka, the 2022 Booker Prize winner for the novel “The Seven Moons of Maali Almeida” have brought Sri Lankan literature to the global stage. Many more writers including Michael Ondaatje, Sonali Deraniyagala, Ashok Ferrey and Romesh Gunesekera have contributed greatly towards international interest in Sri Lankan authorship.